Example circuits
Every example below lives under examples/ in the repository and runs as-is: hover <file>.hvr compiles it, runs it, and writes simulation_output.csv.
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Full-bridge rectifier
Diode/rectifier.hvr
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AC to DC conversion, diode commutation, capacitive filtering. Walked through line by line in Your first circuit. |
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NPN common-emitter amplifier
BJT/npn_amp.hvr
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Small-signal amplification around an NPN bias network. |
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PNP amplifier
BJT/pnp_amp.hvr
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The complementary counterpart. |
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Op-amp from discrete BJTs
BJT/opamp.hvr
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A full operational amplifier built out of transistor-level primitives. |
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Op-amp circuit
OpAmp/op_amp.hvr
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Op-amp behaviour at the circuit level. |
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H-bridge motor drive
DCMotor/h_bridge.hvr
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Switching drive into an electromechanical load. |
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Common-source NMOS amplifier
MOSFET/nmos_amp.hvr
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Square-law saturation biasing, linear amplification, and phase inversion. |
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Common-source PMOS amplifier
MOSFET/pmos_amp.hvr
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P-channel polarity and the negative-VTO card convention. |
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CMOS inverter
MOSFET/cmos_inverter.hvr
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Rail-to-rail complementary switching, the bias-dependent Meyer gate capacitances, and crowbar supply current. |
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Low-side switch, inductive load
MOSFET/nmos_switch.hvr
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Triode conduction, the intrinsic body diode catching an inductive turn-off, and the third-quadrant channel swap that shorts it out. |
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Complementary MOSFET H-bridge
MOSFET/mosfet_h_bridge.hvr
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P/N switching into a DC motor with dead-time sequencing, recirculating through the body diodes alone — no external flyback network in the netlist. |
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DC/AC inverter, 50 Hz from 20 kHz SPWM
MOSFET/h_bridge_inverter.hvr
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Sine-triangle PWM, hard switching with dead-time, and LC reconstruction of the fundamental. The largest example in the set. |
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Single LED
Optoelectronics/leds/redled.hvr
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Forward-bias behaviour and the light_out port. |
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Multiple LEDs
Optoelectronics/leds/multiple_leds.hvr
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Several colors sharing a supply. |
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Optocoupler
Optoelectronics/phototransistor/optocoupler.hvr
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LED driving a phototransistor across an isolation barrier. |
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Discrete PID controller
PIDController/pid_controller.hvr
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Regulating an RC plant toward a setpoint — and the tour of native structs: a struct-typed state variable, a named-field literal, and a struct passed by value into a function. |
Library-mode drivers
examples/hovercraft/ is different in kind — instead of a circuit, it holds two host programs (driver.py, driver.cpp) that drive a compiled simulation through the C ABI. See Hovercraft — library mode.
Packaging walkthroughs
Two more directories under examples/ are runnable end-to-end demonstrations of the package system rather than circuits: examples/package/ builds a publishable package (hvr-rc) and a consumer project that installs it with no server and no network, and examples/index/ builds a whole package index — including the entry that serves the standard library — and installs through it. See Packages & hpm.
Plotting the output
The repository root ships plot_results.py and plot_results.html, both of which read simulation_output.csv directly — the columns are whatever the source's .save directive named.